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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

    45
  • Pages: 

    59-78
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    532
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Introduction: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is very debilitating disorder that disrupts many aspects of life, and in severe cases reduces a person's quality of life. Therefore, the use of unified transdiagnostic experimental therapy is essential. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACT Matrix and ACT Focused on Compassion on social anxiety disorder. Materials and Method: This study was a clinical trial with a single-case experimental study non-concurrent multiple baseline design, who performed on 6 students with social anxiety disorder who were selected based on purposive random sampling. The treatment lasted for 12 sessions (60 minutes) with two-month follow-up. To compare the results of these two treatment models, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (Heimberg & et al., 1999), Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (Raes & et al., 2011) Acceptance and ACTion Questionnaire (Second Version, Bond & et al., 2011) and the Valued Living Questionnaire (Wilson & et al., 2010) were used. Data were analyzed by visual drawing, recovery percentage, stable change index and six indicators of clinical efficiency. Findings: The results indicated that both methods of ACT Matrix and ACT Focused on Compassion reduced social anxiety (Z<-1. 96) and increased acceptance and ACTion flexibility, self-compassion, and a valuable life in the last stage of therapy and follow-up is effective and significant (Z>1. 96). Furthermore, the results of this study in the follow-up phase indicated the continuity of the effectiveness and efficiency of these two integrated interventions on social anxiety disorder. Conclusion: This study supports the effectiveness of the Matrix of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the treatment of compassion-focused acceptance and commitment in students with social anxiety disorder. Extended bstrACT Introduction Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common and chronic mental disorders with early onset and continuous periods (1, 2). this is very debilitating disorder that disrupts many aspects of life, and in severe cases reduces a person's quality of life (5). furthermore, this disorder is one of the most difficult anxiety disorders in resistance to therapy and has indicated the least therapeutic effect compared to other anxiety disorders among adults and children (2, 7). in case untreated, this disorder can severely damage individual, educational, and social capacities throughout life (8). Since the fACT that people with social anxiety disorder show difficulties in regulating emotions and psychological flexibility, and also have inadequacies in intrapersonal and interpersonal functions and compassion. the use of unified transdiagnostic experimental therapies is essential. On the other hand, the lack of sufficient background in these two new integrated models, and the existence of shortcomings in clinical experiences and experimental research evidence, a comparative study between these two new models on the four variables of social anxiety, flexibility Acceptability and ACTion, valuable life and self-compassion in the form of a clinical trial with a single-case experimental study non-concurrent multiple baseline design are necessary to clarify the differences between the two intervention methods between the variables. Also determine which treatment method is more effective and more sustainable. Based on this, the research questions were designed as follows: 1. Is the ACT Matrix more effective in reducing social anxiety than that of the ACT Focused on Compassion? 2. Is the ACT Matrix more effectiv in increasing flexibility, Self-Compassion and Valuable Living than those of the ACT Focused on Compassion? Material and methods This study was registered on the Iran Clinical Trials website under No. IRCT20200816048424N1. The protocol on Matrix of acceptance and commitment therapy was developed based on the agenda (34) for social anxiety disorder by the first researcher. The researcher participated in several specialized workshops on ACT, ACT Matrix and had experience and specialty at the number 326 of the psychological system. This protocol was approved in terms of content by asking the opinion of three experts familiar with third wave therapies. The protocol on therapy of compassion-based acceptance and commitment is based on the agenda (38-40) developed by Esmaili (30). The present study was a single experimental design with asynchronous multiple baseline, being performed by purposeful sampling during 12 sessions of 60 minutes, with 2-month follow-up on six students with anxiety disorder. Such individuals were evaluated for multiple baseline, therapy and two-month follow-up during early August 2020 and mid-December 2021. Inclusion criteria were the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, history of disorder for two years, age range 20-28 years, level of undergraduate and graduate education, satisfACTion and commitment to participate in research, not participating in other therapies at the same time. Exclusion criteria were absence of more than two sessions, a history of psychotic or bipolar disorder throughout life, a history of schizoid and avoidant personality disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic and suicidal ideation during the last six months, having substance or alcohol abuse. In order to compare the results of these two integrated therapy models, the Social Anxiety Scale (43), the Acceptance and PrACTice Flexibility Questionnaire-Second Version (46), the Self-Compassion-Short Form Scale (48), and the Life Questionnaire. Valuable (50) were used. The data were analyzed by visual mapping, recovery percentage, stable change index, and six clinical performance indices. Findings The results indicated that both methods of acceptance and commitment therapy Matrix and compassion-based acceptance and commitment therapy reduced social anxiety (Z<-1. 96) and increased acceptance and ACTion flexibility, self-compassion, and a valuable life in the last stage of therapy and follow-up is effective and significant (Z>1. 96). Furthermore, the results of this study in the follow-up phase indicated the continuity of the effectiveness and efficiency of these two integrated interventions on social anxiety disorder. Discussion The integrated intervention Matrix of acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-based acceptance and commitment therapy teach students with pervasive and specific social anxiety to experience the hooks of the thief and threat system through the experience of perspective and perspective taking and live in the present instead of getting stuck in the sticky stories of the past and future worries. Thus, they can achieve an efficient, vibrant, and meaningful life without relying on a transient feeling and mood by becoming aware of the consequences of their interpersonal behavior, understanding the interACTion of their own and others' Matrix diagrams and functional measurement, turning their attention to perspective and unique values and individuals and focusing on the important things in life. Conclusion This study supported the effectiveness and efficiency of the acceptance and commitment therapy Matrix and the treatment of compassion-based acceptance and commitment in students with social anxiety disorder. Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines Ethical basics observed in this study were patient consent form for voluntary participation in written interventions, observing the principle of confidentiality, informing the subjects of the research objectives, considering the health and comfort of the subjects, the right to participate or not participate in the research, holding free sessions, and the intervention of results without mentioning the names of individuals. Funding This article is extrACTed from the PhD. thesis of first author approved by the Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, and its has not financial suppor. Authors' contributions Design and conceptualization: Hamid Asadi & Masoud Mohammadi,Methodology, data analysis, Ghasem Naziri,Validation, Editing: Azam Davoodi and All authors, Supervision and writing: Hamid Asadi. Conflicts of interest According to the authors, this study was conducted without any financial backing or conflict of interest. Acknowledgements I would like to thank all the volunteer students and the head of Shiva Psychology and Counseling Services Center in Tehran, Dr. Ali Ghaednia Jahromi, Dr. Mohammad Reza Shegerf Nakhaei (psychiatrist) and Mr Morteza Kazemi (assistant therapist) who In this difficult situation, the Covid 19 sincerely cooperated in all of the implementation stages of the present study.

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Journal: 

Applied Psychology

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    17
  • Issue: 

    2 (پیاپی 66)
  • Pages: 

    33-61
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    166
  • Downloads: 

    31
Abstract: 

Aim: The Empirical and Theoretical evidence show that Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions do not have Stable Efficacy. The present study aimed comparin Clinical Efficacy of ACT Matrix with ACT Focused on Compassion and Hofmann's CBT on social anxiety disorder. Method: This study was as Single blinded clinical trial with a single-case experimental study non-concurrent multiple baseline design, who performed on 9 students with social anxiety disorder who were selected based on purposive random sampling. The treatment lasted for 12 sessions (60 minutes) with two-month follow-up. To compare the results of these two treatment models, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (Heimberg & et ­­al, 1999), Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (Raes & et ­­al, 2011) Acceptance and ACTion Questionnaire (Second Version, Bond & et­ al, 2011) and the Valued Living Questionnaire (Wilson & et ­al, 2010) were used. Data were analyzed by visual drawing, recovery percentage, stable change index and six indicators of clinical efficiency. Findings: The results showed that all three intervention methods reduced social anxiety (Z<-2. 58) and increased flexibility (Z>2. 58). However, Hofmann's CBT was not clinically effective and meaningful in increasing self-compassion and valued living (Z<1. 96). these results were maintained at the end of the 2-month follow-up period. Conclusion: The ACT Matrix and ACT focused on compassion in terms of the magnitude of change, stability, universality of change and safety are more effective Clinical Efficacy than Hoffmann's CBT, But all three interventions were similar in acceptability and generality of change.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    263
  • Downloads: 

    227
Abstract: 

Background: Depression is a serious and debilitating mental disorder that afflicts a large number of human beings worldwide. This study was tried to compare the effectiveness of behavioral ACTivation therapy and ACT Matrix on the depression of College Students. Materials and Methods: The present study is an experimental design by using pre and posttest with a control group. Therapeutic intervention in the experimental group implemented 8 sixty-minute sessions weekly for female students between 18-35 years' old who have depression symptoms. During these time participants in the experimental and control group responded to Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, before, after an intervention, and in follow-up (4 weeks after the end of intervention). Results: The findings of covariance analysis showed that the ACT Matrix and BATD reduced symptoms of depression. There was no significant difference in depression between the two experimental groups (acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT) by Matrix method and behavioral ACTivation therapy (p = 0. 999). This indicates the effect of almost identical acceptance and commitment (ACT) therapy by Matrix method and behavioral education training to reduce depression. Eta coefficient shows that Matrix and BATD explain 0. 64 of depression and these results have been maintained in the follow-up stage. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the ACT Matrix and BATD have significantly reduced symptoms of depression. This approach seeks to teach how to break up from thought content by taking viewpoints, instead of stuck the past and conceptualizing on future live sort their life story, recognizing values and important individuals of their lives and ultimately taking step to achieve these goals and values without getting stuck in trap of their attention and with compassion for themselves and others.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    13
  • Issue: 

    3 (51)
  • Pages: 

    103-120
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    2
  • Views: 

    533
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Introduction: Social anxiety disorder is one of the most difficult anxiety disorders in resistance to therapy. Therefore, the use of unified transdiagnostic experimental therapy is essential. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACT Matrix and CBT based on the Hofmann's model on social anxiety disorder. Method: This study was a clinical trial with a single-case experimental study non-concurrent multiple baseline design, who performed on 6 students with social anxiety disorder who were selected based on purposive random sampling. The treatment lasted for 12 sessions (60 minutes) with two-month follow-up. To compare the results of these two treatment models, the Social Anxiety Scale (Liebowitz), Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (Raes & etal) Acceptance and ACTion Questionnaire (Second Version, (Bond & et al) and the Valued Living Questionnaire (Wilson & etal) were used. Data were analyzed by visual drawing, recovery percentage, stable change index and six indicators of clinical efficiency. Results: In the ACT Matrix group, the percentage of overall recovery after treatment in the variable of Social Anxiety is 63. 1%, variable of Flexibility 66. 06%, variable of Valued Living 62. 50%, variable of Self-Compassion 68. 50% and In the CBT Hofmann's group, the percentage of overall recovery after treatment in the variable of Social Anxiety was 61. 20%, variable of Flexibility 58. 80%, variable of Valued Living 32. 80%, variable of Self-Compassion 23. 90%. Conclusion: This study supports the higher effectiveness of the ACT Matrix to compared CBT based on the Hofmann's model in Valued Living and Self-Compassion in students with social anxiety disorder.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1394
  • Volume: 

    1
Measures: 
  • Views: 

    352
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

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Yearly Impact:   مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    14
  • Issue: 

    3 (28)
  • Pages: 

    43-52
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    872
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The aim of the present study was the histological evaluation of Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) effectiveness for regeneration of periodontal defects. EMD ACTivates cementum synthesis, PDL and bone during the maturation stage of follicole. In this research, EMD was used in surgical defects of premolar teeth in four adult sheep. Muccoperiosteal flap was reflected in buccal site of teeth. The buccal bone plate was removed from mesial to distal in 4 mm depth. After eliminating the cementum by bur and its etching, EMD was applied on exposed dentine and flap was sutured. In opposite sites of those teeth (control sites) the same process was performed without etching. After 100 days, sheep were sacrificed and histological study through light microscopic was performed on black sections of operation sites. The results showed that in test sites, regeneration of cementum and bone was 62/5% and 42/5-50% respectively. But in control sites regeneration of cementum and bone was 37.5% and 32/5-42/5% respectively. Also the migration of junctional epithelium in control sites was 8-10% more than test sites. The important point is that in test sites, cementum was completely attached to undermining dentine. But, in control sites, the gap between cementum and dentine was visible. As a result, this study suggests that EMD promotes periodontal regeneration, and EMD application is a successful achievement in regenerative periodontal therapy.

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Author(s): 

Peyamannia Bahram

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    16
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    217-236
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    2
  • Views: 

    425
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Test anxiety causes a wide range of negative consequences including psychological distress, academic failure, and feeling of insecurity. In the same way, Perspective-Taking Training is one of the ways to have a positive effect on emotion regulation and test anxiety reduction. The present study conducted due to determine the effectiveness of ACT Matrix with compassion on emotion regulation strategy in the students with test anxiety disorders. This study was an experimental study with a pretest and posttest control group design. In the study 30 female students aged between 15 and 17 years (senior high school) situated in Ahvaz, selected by using a Multistage cluster sampling method, and the students arranged in experimental group and control group (15 persons each group) by randomization. Experimental group students received an intervention course of 16 sessions (one session per week, lasting 1 hour), and control group students without any organized intervention just watched movies and animations. Participants in both groups before intervention and after the course answered cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The data analyzed by using MANCOVA. The results of data analysis showed that the ACT Matrix with compassion lead to the improvement of positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in experimental group students compared with the control group students. According to our research ACT Matrix with compassion lead to the improvement of positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in students with test anxiety.

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Author(s): 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    421-427
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    2
  • Views: 

    70
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    8
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    19-30
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    2
  • Views: 

    52
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    25
  • Issue: 

    1 (19)
  • Pages: 

    23-44
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    865
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Intoduction: Researches has recently provided convincing evidence about diagnosing borderline personality disorder in youth. Therefore National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) acknowledged the diagnosis of borderline personality in individuals under 18 years old and if necessary supports treatment and early intervention in this age group. ACT Matrix is an approach based on route selection and upgrading the ability of individuals to approach valuable goals, despite the problems in life. Therefore, in the Matrix model getting viewpoints of clients considered as the basis of treatment and by examining ACTions of getting away and getting close to values and compassion in commitment and change strategies helps them achieve a live, purposeful and meaningful life. In fACT mindfulness due to taking viewpoints provides context for getting compassion and mindfulness. Mindfulness and compassion are two wings of a bird that both play effective role in inspiring for man, their transition and also individual evolution to fly. Overall, on the one hand according to evidence-based researches about effectiveness of ACT with compassion treatment on a wide range of borderline personality disorder symptoms and on the other hand lack of this kind of researches in Iran, this question arises that whether ACT with compassion is effective on self-injury behaviors and quality of life of female students with symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Method: Present study is an experimental design by using pre and posttest with a control group. Therapeutic intervention in experimental group implemented 16 sixty minute sessions weekly for female students between 15-17 years old who have Borderline personality symptoms. During this time participants in experimental and control group responded to Self-Injury behavior Scale of Klonsky and Glenn (2009) and Quality of Life Index of Cummins (2002), before and after intervention and in follow-up (8 weeks after the end of intervention). Results: The findings of covariance analysis showed that ACT Matrix with Compassion has significantly reduced symptoms of self-injury and improved quality of life. Eta coefficient shows that ACT with Compassion therapy explain 47% of self-injury behaviors and 46% of life quality and these results has been maintained in follow-up stage. Discussion: The results of this study showed that despite the cultural and social differences between the present research group and the groups studied in other societies and cultures, ACT Matrix with Compassion therapy has significantly reduced symptoms of self-injury and improved quality of life in teenagers with symptoms of borderline personality disorder. This approach seeks to teach teens how to break up from thought content by taking viewpoints, instead of stuck the past and conceptualizing on future live sort their life story, recognizing values and important individuals of their lives and ultimately taking step to achieve these goals and values without getting stuck in trap of their attention and with compassion for themselves and others.

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